The furture of early childhood education Essay -- essays research pape

The Future of Early Childhood EducationIf you ask someone to list for you the most important jobs of our society, teachers always compensate the list sometimes beating out careers like doctor or lawyer. Ironically, for a career we value so much, teaching has never been a advantageously paying profession. But times are about to change. Due to an increasing demand and a fixed supply, salaries for early education teachers are expected to append within the next decade. The United States Board of Labor ranks this career as one of the highest paying of the next ten years, with an expected median tenure salary of over ninety thousand by the year 2012. Even taking into account inflation, working conditions, and several(predicate) peoples preferred lifestyle, it is reasonable to advance that a career in early childhood education can provide a very comfortable living.The law of supply and demand helps us understand how price is set in our society. It states that if the supply of a good increases, or if the demand of a good decreases, then the price of the good drops. The diametric is in like manner true, if the supply decreases and the demand increases, than a good becomes more expensive. The theory of supply and demand is very powerful, and can be applied to many different things. In this paper, it go away be used to explain why teachers salaries are expected to increase a great deal. The number of teachers will be the supply, the withdraw for teachers will be the demand, and salaries will be the price that will be affected.In 2002 there were over two million positions for early education teachers in the United States. Of the teachers in those jobs, about 1.5 million were elementary school teachers, 424,000 were preschool teachers, and 168,000 were kindergarten teachers(Outlook). The majority of these teachers worked for the local government educational services, with about ten percent working for common soldier schools. While the majority of preschool teach ers are employed by child daycare services. Geographically, teaching positions vary with the population. Highly populated areas have more employment opportunities. either year, a greater number of students enroll into the United States school system. More students increase the need for more schools and qualified teachers. In addition to the population growth, a number of initiatives have been impl... ...their families.State employed teachers will not have to worry about retirement, because they are guaranteed a pension salary once they retire. Teachers will not have to stress or fear for the future like some other members of the workforce who were relying on social security.Early childhood teachers also have the satisfaction of having a career in one of the most respected professions in our society. They will have to fulfillment of knowing that what they do makes a difference.Works CitedCase, Karl E. Principles of Macroeconomics Sixth Edition. Prentice HallVan Dalen, Deobold B. Lo oking Ahead To Teaching Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Boston.Kahn, Alfred J. Child Care Facing the Hard Choices Auburn House publishing Company. Massachusetts.Occupational Outlook Handbook U.S. Department of Labor http//stats.bls.gov/search/ooh.asp?qu=teachers&ct=OOH (2005)Critical Issues Facing the Teaching Profession The South Carolina Center for Teacher Recrutement (2004) http//www.cerra.org/sectionone.pdfCameron, Bruce unseasoned municiple fund may well be the shape of things to come August 14, 2004 Personal Finance Magazine

William Goldings Lord Of The Flies Essay examples -- Lord Flies Goldi

The author, William Golding uses the master(prenominal) characters of Ralph, Jack, and Simon in The Lord of the Flies to portray how their desire for lead, combined with lack of via media leads to the fall of their edict. This desire for leadership and compromise led to the fall of their society save like multiple countries during times of wars. In the Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses characters to convey the main idea of his novel. The story begins with a war, and a plane carrying several young boys, who are being evacuated, is shot down from the sky. There are no crowing survivors however the boys were brought together by Ralph blowing on the conch shell. They formed a tribe to stay alive. Slowly the stability and the sense of safety in the group started to deteriorate, same to the downfall of societies during World War II. They are not only hunting animals now, but they are killing each other like savages in nightspot to stay alive. This action of killing is like Hitler during World War II and his persecution of Jews during the Holocaust. One of the main characters, Ralph, was very likeable to everyone and was almost immediately elected as the leader of the tribe, with the only competition being the leader of the choir boys, Jack. Even though Ralph just wants to get home, he remains to look strong and hood to the other boys, to try and keep things as civilized as possible. So, Ralph decides that Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best a... ...the North and the South, just like the differences between Jack and Ralph in this novel. Chaos broke out in both blank spaces and led to multiple murders. Another example of desire for leadership that led to society downfall wa s Germ whatsoever during World War II. Adolph Hitler was the leader of Germany who created a nation that persecuted Jewish persons. He did not give in to anyone or any nation this led to the breakout of World War II. Jack is an example of Adolph Hitler due to his desire of power over the island. Jacks actions led to a similar situation as Hitlers, however not as extreme or wide spread. So, the desire for leadership, combined with lack of compromise usually leads to the fall of a society or at least a drastic change.

Welfare and Social Responsibility :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Welfare and Social Responsibility Welfare. Read that word to yourself and ask what popular images surround it. The first matter is probably women and children. This one is correct, because 97% of AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children, the federal well-being program) is made up of women and children. Young women? Not re on the wholey-the reasonable age of a mother receiving offbeat is 29, and single 7.6% are under the age of 20. Is she black? Maybe, because the composition of the welfare roles is about the same percentage black and white. More kids than she can count? The average welfare family has 2.9 members. That means a single mom would have 1.9 children (fewer than the national average). Forever dependent?-the average length of a stay on welfare is 22 months. We certainly think that they dont work. Without bringing up the question of why raising children is not considered work, the average AFDC benefit plus food stamps still is only 69% of the poverty line. Women on welfare are constantly working to make up that difference. Do we think of welfare as expensive? AFDC represents still over 1% of the national budget. If welfare is not about young women having lots of babies and living their life off the generosity of the state, and if its a minuscule digress of the federal budget, why have republicans chosen it as their pilot issue? Why, when our Federal Reserve is raising interest rates and attempting to maintain an unemployment rate of 6.2%, and when a job at minimum wage would still leave a mother with two children 23% below the poverty line, is entrance into the paid custody being pushed as the panacea for poverty? If we are serious about getting people to work we need relevant training programs, child concern provisions, and efforts at job creation. These at least were discussed in the Clinton plan, if the plan was in many other ways as punitive and insubstantial as the Republican plan. The Republican ideology is particularly insidious b ecause it shifts the entire frame of debate from the structural to the moral. It implies, even states, that if those people would just clean up their morals and double back being so lazy that they could have a place in the American Dream. Today welfare moms are understood to be the symbol for all that is morally wrong with America.

child development :: essays research papers

What major psychological challenges do children expression during shopping mall childhood?In middle childhood children face many new challenges the challenge of knowing who you are, the challenge to achieve, the challenge of peers, the challenge of family relationships, and the challenge of school. All of these challenges are affected by influences of peers and family relationships. 2. What important changes occur in a childs sense of self during middle childhood?A childs sense of self begins to rapidly evolve in middle years and becomes more organized and complex. This sense of self is continuously revised with increasing age and experiences. This grows with social experiences and out of contacts with others.3. What is achievement motivation, and what forms does it take? execution motivation is a tendency to show initative and attaining goals by increasing competence and meeting standards of excellence. There are two forms of achievement motivation one focuses on competence as su ch and one that emphasizes the judgments people make about competence.4. How have changes in the nature of the family, such as increases in the proportion of a single-parent and dual-wage-earner families, affected childrens psychological development? The changes in the nature of family can greatly affect a childs psychological development. These changes such as divorce and blended families pose challenges to children. These situations usually cause stress on all members of the family even though boys and girls react differently.5. How do peers contribute to development during middle childhood?Children are influenced by their schools culture and peers. This influence is positive if a schools culture and a childs family culture are similar. This plays a role in how children experience and interact with others , how they percieve themselves, and how they develop psychosocially.

Aeneid and Odyssey - A Comparison between Aeneas, Achilles and Odysseus

Aeneid and Odyssey - A Comparison surrounded by Aeneas, Achilles and Odysseus A comparison amidst Virgils hero, Aeneas, and the Homeric heroes, Achilles and Odysseus, brings up the question concerning the relevance of the difference between the Homeric heroes and Aeneas. The differences in the poets concerns are explained by the fact that Virgil lived many years after Homer, full-grown Virgil the advantage of a more developed literary and philosophical society than Homer had at his disposal. But the question remains how are the differences between the Homeric heroes and Aeneas relevant to the epic at large? This question will be answered by first pointing out the differences between Grecian and Roman society, then explaining how those differences meet to the heroes of the three epics at hand, and finally explaining how these differences allow Virgil to portray the Roman values and way of life as more structured and oriented towards a greater-good. The differences in Greek and Roman societies arise primarily because of the different time periods in which they existed. But the geologic characteristics of Greece also played a role in the particularities of Greek society. The Greek peninsula is a mountainous region with neighboring islands that are known for their individualistic nature in Homers Odyssey islands are often occupied either by very few people or by people that are socially inept such as cannibals or the Cyclops. The Greek society, which was composed of discordant individual and independent city-states, followed from its geological surroundings since communication was such a difficult task. The few cultural aspects of life, such as language and religion, were the only things that gave... ... between Aeneas and the Homeric heroes, given an account of the historical and mythological background of Rome and demonstrated that the Roman way of life is necessarily more structured and company oriented than the Homeric Greek way of life. Virgil wrote The Aeneid as an ode to the greatness of Rome, we could imagine that as he wrote it he was in constant competition with Homer because The Aeneid was a proclamation of greatness for the Romans as the Homeric epics were for the Greeks. But Virgil took advantage of the flaws that the Homeric Heroes had and gave the corresponding virtues to Aeneas thus ensuring Aeneas superiority and consequently Romes superiority. Works Cited and Consulted Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. radical York 1996 Virgil. The Aeneid. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald. New York Vintage Books, 1990.

Aeneid and Odyssey - A Comparison between Aeneas, Achilles and Odysseus

Aeneid and Odyssey - A Comparison surrounded by Aeneas, Achilles and Odysseus A comparison between Virgils hero, Aeneas, and the Homeric heroes, Achilles and Odysseus, brings up the question concerning the relevance of the difference between the Homeric heroes and Aeneas. The differences in the poets concerns be explained by the fact that Virgil lived many years after Homer, giving Virgil the avail of a more developed literary and philosophical society than Homer had at his disposal. But the question remains how are the differences between the Homeric heroes and Aeneas relevant to the epic at large? This question entrust be answered by first pointing out the differences between Greek and roman letters society, then explaining how those differences relate to the heroes of the three epics at hand, and finally explaining how these differences allow Virgil to portray the Roman values and way of life as more structured and oriented towards a greater-good. The differen ces in Greek and Roman societies arise primarily because of the different beat periods in which they existed. But the geologic characteristics of Greece also played a role in the particularities of Greek society. The Greek peninsula is a mountainous region with neighboring islands that are known for their individualistic nature in Homers Odyssey islands are often occupied either by very few good deal or by people that are socially inept such as cannibals or the Cyclops. The Greek society, which was composed of various individual and independent city-states, followed from its geological surroundings since communication was such a difficult task. The few cultural aspects of life, such as language and religion, were the only things that gave... ... between Aeneas and the Homeric heroes, given an account of the historical and mythological soil of Rome and demonstrated that the Roman way of life is necessarily more structured and community oriented than the Homeric Greek way of life. Virgil wrote The Aeneid as an ode to the grandness of Rome, we could imagine that as he wrote it he was in constant competition with Homer because The Aeneid was a proclamation of greatness for the Romans as the Homeric epics were for the Greeks. But Virgil took advantage of the flaws that the Homeric Heroes had and gave the corresponding virtues to Aeneas thus ensuring Aeneas superiority and consequently Romes superiority. Works Cited and Consulted Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York 1996 Virgil. The Aeneid. Translated by Robert Fitzgerald. New York Vintage Books, 1990.

Interstate conflicts Essay

IntroductionInterstate conflicts atomic number 18 an integral part of the 21st century. The previous century was dominated by two world wars which were passing violent and the repercussions of which the world is facing even today. It becomes essential to the study the different dynamics of interstate conflicts in order to expedite the does of conflict management and resolution. there are different actors in a conflict environment and mass media is an important atomic number 53 among them. It is through mass media that conflicts are communicated to citizens. Mass media influences the citizens upshot and image of the other i.e. the enemy in question. Proliferation of mass media technology has effected into mediates conflicts. Conflict is continuously hammered upon the audience by unlike forms of media and hence the need to critically examine the various aspects of medias authority in conflict. This study deals with the most crucial conflict in S come inh Asia i.e. of India-Pa kistan. This conflict has shaped the political and economic situation in the sub-continent.Mass medias role in the India-Pakistan conflict has been much debated by scholars and media n professionals alike. What has non been explored is the possibility of Peace Journalism as opposed to mainstream War Journalism mingled with the two countries. For this very purpose, the researcher has selected a Peace Journalism take to the woods named Aman Ki Asha (Hope for Peace). The motility was launched on January 1st, 2010 by The Times of India (India) and The Jang Group (Pakistan) leading media houses of the respective countries. The draw intends to create an enabling environment by facilitating dialogue between the two administrations, encouraging plenty-to-people contact, thereby contribute to field pansy between the two countries.The initiative is the first of its kind by print media in the sub-continent. It seeks to satisfy its quest for heartsease by discussion on all contentious issues between the two countries through mediums like seminars, conferences, cultural festivals and all other forums of people to people contact. The campaign has also committed itself to validatory use of print media to promote the benefits of peace and give space to each others prove of view on issues of dispute. So far, Aman Ki Asha has organized literary and medical specialty fests, editors conferences, exchange conferences and strategic seminars to realize its vision.Peace Journalism in the context of India and Pakistan assumes much importance because media in both the nations have beenvehicles to spread hate and animosity. spread of stereotyped images and conventional messages has been at the forefront of media activity in India and Pakistan. During the Kargil War (1999), media contributed to building up of the war hysteria. Thus, media has essayed a by and large negative role when it comes to promoting peace between the two neighbors. Looking at the above mentioned argu ments, Aman Ki Asha offers a different perspective on what kind of role merchant ship be played by the media in the course of India-Pakistan conflict. It is a Peace Journalism venture launched for the first time in the media history of the two nations. Its critical interrogation cannister offer insights into the workings of the Peace Journalism simulation in current and conflicting times. Moreover, it comes at a time when there looms a unending threat somewhat a nuclear zed conflict in South Asia. Hence, the campaign has been chosen for the study.HEALTHUse war as a metaphor for disease one which needs cure Incorporate the idea that was is a disease that has afflicted the people of both countries Peace has been used as a metaphor for a healthy state of mind and body. Healthy and progressive relations between India-Pakistan can be established through peace. compound connections between war-disease and peace-health have been affirmed by all the articles downstairs this theme. C ooperating on health issues is seen as a possibility of widening dialogue among citizens of both countries. The articles under this theme depict the campaigns stress on cooperation between soft areas like health, IT, education, agri destination, tourism etc. However, there is no specificity on what kind of mechanisms ought to be genuine to counter these health threats. there is non much information available in the articles on what kind of health threats do people in Pakistan brass section and also no commentary slightly the need to channelize money macrocosm overspent on defense by both nations on building break down health infrastructure.Thus, there is no correlation established between the concept of perceived threat and neglect of peoples issues in both countries. People-to-People contact through sector-wise cooperation has been emphasize repeatedly but questions intimately its sustainability and impact have not been addressed at all. The styles in which the three artic les have been written is starkly different The house point taken by all the three stories ispro-peace and pro-cooperation The article dated November 20, 2011 seeks stories from ordinary people on both sides of the border. It talks about ailing Pakistani children being operated in India free of cost It shows that the existing gap between the two nations can be successfully bridged by its common people. There is no exploration of the facet of Pakistanis contributing to Indian medicine and healthcare in any way but the vice-versa has been describe.(1) BUSINESS/ECONOMYBusiness/trade has been place as another important area of cooperation by the campaign. This is evident from the number of articles devoted to the theme. The articles on business identify visa restrictions prevalent between the two countries as the major hurdle for advancement of economic ties. They contain important statements from policy-makers marking a shift in the attitudes of governments on both sides when it come s to trading. Eg Statement from Pakistani Commerce Minister first to visit India in 35 years. Trading ties with India for Pakistan are a subject of national interest not only for its government and citizens, but also for its military establishment which speaks volumes about the military being an important stake-holder in the political system of Pakistan. The militarys stake in the peace process may lead to an entirely different fate of consequences which has not been debated at all.There is also a passing mention about the arrangement of SAFTA (South Asia dislodge Trade Agreement) but no analysis of how its workings have been hampered by the discord between India and Pakistan. Apart from increasing trade ties, the two nations as mentioned in the articles can also divine service each other in building institutions of commerce and capacity building of people in the field of business. Enhancing trade tries is not viewed as being restricted to the easing of the visa regime but has b een furthered to action oriented cooperation. A possibility to strengthen regional cooperation through SAARC (South Asia companionship for Regional Cooperation) has been envisioned. This shows the intrust for normalcy not only in bilateral relations but peace for the entire South Asian region items etc the last mentioned granting the same to Pakistan in 1996.(2)POLICYKabul river treaty between Afghanistan and Pakistan and how Indias aid toAfghan developmental projects is creating mistrust between India and Pakistan. This is in consensus to the Peace Journalism model developed by Galtung which says that peace journalism does not restrict the number of parties in a conflict to two and also reports about other parties which may have an indirect or direct influence on the conflict. The article provides a factual and critical analysis to dispel suspicious thinking on part of Pakistan.This is an important component of peace journalism because if threats of conflict are critically analy zed, then they might reveal certain misconceptions and pre-conceived notions.(3) This a very darling example of peace reporting and it stands out among the entire lot of articles mainly because it is analytical in nature as opposed to factual reports. One of the characteristics of peace journalism is looking at larger benefits of peace and cooperation, which this article successfully does. It also prescribes peace alternatives for eg How India can facilitate an Afghan-Pak water treaty to remove suspicions about its role.CULTURE/ENTERTAINMENTCulture may not seem to be an obvious avenue of cooperation between the two countries but it is an important one because culture has deep influence and impact on people. It is through culture and different forms of mass media that existing stereotypes can be dismantled. India-Pakistan cooperation in the sector of culture is not an institutionalized one. It has grown by itself. Over the time, Pakistani artists have been accepted whole-heartedly b y the Indian audience and they have also gained commercially by being a part of the Indian entertainment industry. Their Pakistani identity has not come in the way of their achieving success in Bollywood.They have made a home for themselves in India, says the article, which essentially signifies the transcendence from rigid to flexible national identities in this case. There is a possibility for greater cooperation in sectors of film and euphony by the way of cross country productions between India and Pakistan. For eg An India-Pak film festival. This is a very significant article because the Aman ki Asha campaign itself has been a venue for various cultural ex revisions between the two countries through which the ability of culture to bring people together is demonstrated.(4) Civil Society and Peace ActivistsA number of gracious nine organizations and NGOs are working to promote peaceand harmony between two nations. They include among others South Asian Free Media connexion (SA FMA), Pakistan, Green locomote Organization (GCO), Pakistan, Institute for Secular Studies and Peace (ISSP), Pakistan and Aman Ki Asha (Hope for Peace) a joint venture of two daily intelligence agencypapers of India and Pakistan. (5) Peace between India and Pakistan has been stubbornly elusive and until straightway tantalizingly inevitable. This vast subcontinent senses the bounties a peace dividend can deliver to its people yet it recoils from claiming a share. The natural impulse would be to break out of the straightjacket of stated positions and embrace an ideal that promises sustained prosperity to the region, yet there is hesitation. There is a collective paralysis of the will, induced by the trauma of birth, amplified by false starts, mistrust, periodic outbreaks of violence, suspicion, misplaced jingoism and diplomatic doublespeak.Tragically, opportunity knocks unheard on doors bolted on the inside. Opportunism, that appeals to atavistic passions, elicits an instant respo nse to every single knock. It is one of historys ironies that a people who share so much, refuse to acknowledge their similarities and focus so avidly on their differences. We believe it is time to bear on the equilibrium. Public opinion is far too potent a force to be left in the hands of narrow vested interests. The people of today must(prenominal) find its voice and force the rulers to listen. The awaam must write its own placards and fashion its own slogans. The leading must learn to be led and not blindly followed. Skepticism about the given is often the genesis of faith. This skepticism has been brewing. It can be unleashed to forge a new social compact between the people of this region. The media in India and Pakistan speaks directly to the hearts and minds and stomachs of the people. It can help in writing a final chapter, adding a happy twist to a story that seemed headed for tragedy. It can do so by shaping the discourse and steering it away from rancour and divisivenes s.It has the maturity to recognize the irritants and obstacles to peace and will not take a timid stance towards the more intractable and contentious issues whether relating to Kashmir, water disputes or the issue of cross-border terrorism. It can offer solutions and nudge the leadership towards a sustained peace process. It can create an enabling environment where new ideas can germinate and bold initiatives can sprout. The media can begin the conversation where a plurality of views and opinions are not drowned out byshrill voices. It can cleanse polluted mindsets and revive the generosity of spirits which is a distinctive trait of the subcontinent. It can help cool the temperature and wean away the guardians from fortified frontiers. It can argue the case for allocating scarce resources where they are needed the most. We believe that this is an intervention whose time has come. We recognize that set backs will occur but these should not derail the process. We will need to reach o ut and pluck the low hanging fruit in the extraction before we aim higher.Issues of trade and commerce, of investments, of financial infrastructure, of cultural exchanges, of religious and medical tourism, of free movement of ideas, of visa regimes, of sporting ties, of connectivity, of reviving existing routes, of market access, of apart(p) families, of the plight of prisoners, will be part of our initial agenda.. They talk to each other about food, about music, about poetry, about films, about theatre and about the prolonged absences spawned by lost years. They share anxieties, discuss rising prices, seek advice on their childrens education, gossip about their in-laws, trade anecdotes and laugh at the foibles of politicians. We indigence to lower the walls so that the conversation continues. We owe our unborn generations the right to rise out of the depths of poverty, and squalour. It is embarrassing to read the statistics confirming our resistance to positive change in the fie lds of education, health and poverty alleviation. every last(predicate) social indices are stacked against us and will remain so unless we scatter the war clouds that menace our skies.There are external elements at work in the region that thrive on the animosity between the two neighbours. They have a stake in keeping the region in turmoil. We need to combat them by making them irrelevant. A surge of wellwill and flexibility on the part of civil society and the media will push these forces back by denying them the raw material that manufactures hate. Our subcontinent needs to follow the footprints left behind by the great poets, sufi saints and the bhakts who preached and practiced venerate and inclusiveness. This is the land of Tagore and Ghalib, of Bulleh Shah and Kabir, of Nanak and Moinuddin Chisti. It is their spirit that will guide us in this journey. The one and half billion people of this region await the dawning of an age where peace, comparison and tranquility prevails . This will happen when every heart beats with Aman ki Asha. What Aman ki Asha has achieved so farAman ki Asha has brought about a sea change in perceptions about each other among Indians and Pakistanis. Independent surveys in India and Pakistan have shown that as a result of the Aman ki Asha campaign, every positive perception about Pakistan in India has improved, and every negative perception has decreased. Some of the more significant changes in perception include. Before Aman ki Asha was launched only 4% Indians knew Pakistans point of view on the Kashmir after 12 months of campaigning this increased by 425%, to 17%.(6) 1. The terror perception of Pakistan decreased from 59% to 29%. 2. The hope for sustainable peace in our lifetime increased from 13% to 29% 3. The desire for peace amongst Indians increased from 62% to 82% Indians familiar with and following the Aman ki Asha campaign had an approximately 40% more positive perception about Pakistan than those not familiar with Ama n ki Asha.By openly and aggressively campaigning forthe resolution of disputes, establishing trade and investment relations and greater people to people contacts, Aman ki Asha has enabled all other stakeholders , NGOs engaged in peace-building, politicians, the business community and civil society leaders to openly advocate normalization of relations between Pakistan and India far more rigorously than before. (7) Aman ki Asha has brought the business communities of both countries together in their individual capacities as well as the two largest business associations of India and Pakistan the Pakistan Business Council and the Confederation of Indian Industries. By strongly advocating economic collaboration and making presentations to the Commerce Ministry of Pakistan, Aman ki Asha has provided momentum to Pakistans grant of MFN status to India.By providing a programme for an open and honest discussion on contentious issues and giving voice to the strong desire of the people of bo th countries for peace, Aman ki Asha has given tremendous confidence to both governments to negotiate with an open mind and show flexibility (during his visit to Pakistan, the then Indian Foreign MinisterS.M. Krishna publicly acknowledged that, the sea change in the relations between India and Pakistan during the last two years is largely attributable to the efforts of Aman ki Asha and we now share the optimism of Aman ki Asha). All mainstream political leaders of Pakistan Mian Nawaz Sharif, then Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gillani, Altaf Hussain, Imran Khan, Liaqat Baloch have stronglyendorsed the objectives and the positive contribution of Aman ki Asha. Aman ki Asha has not only captured the imagination of the people of both countries it has drawn wide and vocal support from the international community.(8)ConclusionFrom the above analysis, we can conclude that the Aman Ki Asha campaign has focused on events like meetings of elites, dialogues with top level officials, policy makers , and subject experts to stress on sector wise engagement between the two countries. The campaign is an initiative to dismantle stereotypes prevailing in both countries and a subtle critique on the media which relies heavily on nationalistic discourse and demonizing the other. It has provided a mountain range for voices of peace to be heard and has ventured the path less treaded. It has tried to establish itself as a model of peace journalism by portraying the good work done by people on both sides of the border. The thrust of the campaign comes from the belief that peace can be achieved as a result of cooperation enhanced in different sectors. However, the articles of the campaign do not delve deeper and provide a critical commentary on various peace alternatives that can be made available to India and Pakistan. Certainly, peace reporting should be optimistic, but it should also be balanced with the aim of guiding future policy decisions.many first time initiatives taken up by the campaign have been discussed in the articles (eg meetings of delegations of subject experts, visit of Pakistan Commerce Minister etc). The campaign has been a platform for elites of the two countries to meet up and exchange ideas. The articles have not covered a single visit of an Indian delegation to Pakistan which may come out as a skewed form of 15 cultural exchange. This is not to conclude that vice-versa exchanges have never taken place. Only they have not been reported in the selected sample for study. The study is limited in the sense of not being able to study the Jang Group of publications for articles about the campaign that have appeared in the Jang newspaper and its other associates. The inability to study the Jang newspaper has been because of the language barrier. The articles in the newspaper are in Urdu. However, future studies can consider including The News International, a daily from Pakistan which has partnered Aman Ki Asha with The Times of India.Studiesincludi ng articles from Jang and The News International will be able to provide a more holistic and balanced view of the campaign. too the paucity of news articles talking about exchanges between common citizens can be attributed to two reasons Since, the campaign is of a continuous nature it may not be possible to deem each exchange and interaction between representatives of both countries as news. Hence, only some which are considered to be important and of news value have been presented in the campaign. Foreign Policy is the domain of the elite and interaction between elites is perceived to be of much more importance than between ordinary citizens to bring about an effective change in the attitudes of policy makers.Despite the lacunae in the articles analyzed, the campaign comes extremely close to the normative prescriptions developed by Galtung for a Peace Journalism model. As has been observed in the data analysis section, all the articles conform to the selected considerations in so me or the other way. All considerations may not apply at the same time to a particular article. Through analysis, there has been an attempt to depict the underlying nuances of the documents which may not be quite apparent to the reader. The campaign thus, serves as a Peace Journalism model the first of its kind in the context of India-Pakistan and assumes not only if greater importance but also greater responsibility to meet the challenges that lie.References1 Patel, T. (2005). News Coverage and Conflict Resolution Aid or Impediment. unpublished M.Phil Dissertation, University of Queensland. Australia.2 http//amankiasha.com/faqs.asp Accessed on February 23, 2012 3 Chattarji, S. (2008). Tracking the Media Interpretations of Mass Media Discourses in India and Pakistan. Routledge, New Delhi. 4.http//amankiasha.com/joint_statment.asp5. Alam, I. (2006). Media and Peace in South Asia. Pakistan Free Media Foundation. 6. Anupama, C. (2007). King of Bollywood Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductiv e humans of Inidan Cinema. New York Warner Books. 7. Bhaumik, S. N. (2006). Politics of Indian War Films. Pakistan South Asian Policy Analysis Network. 8. Holm, A. N. & Holm, A. N. (2008). Batting for Peace. Germany VDM Publishers. Bibliography9. Kukreja, V. & Singh, M. P. (2008). Democracy, Development and Discontent in South Asia. New Delhi discerning Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 10. Rao, S. (2010). Shah Rukh Khan Symbol of Indian Secularism. Pakistan South Asian Journal. (Journal 29, named Cinema in South Asia). 11. Saigol, R. (2006). Ideology and Curriculum in India and Pakistan. Pakistan South Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA). 12. Gupta, A. (2006). Indias Soft Power. Indian Foreign Affairs Journal. Page 50-52. New Delhi

Turish Visions For Sustainable Renewable Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Today, the universe is confronting monolithic environmental ch onlyenges. orbiculate heating and clime alteration, oz sensation depletion, loss of biodiversity, dirt eroding, and line of products and H2O pollution be worldwide jobs with wide-ranging impacts on human populations. In run to environmental jobs, there are besides serious security issues associated with the large-scale employment of dodo and nuclear dismisss. Tensions arise from depletion of planetary dodo fuel resources,4 uncertainnesss in faculty monetary values and might availability,5 geopolitical tenseness ca workd by the concentration of oil and splosh resources in a few parts of the universes and the hazard of atomic proliferation endangering planetary security.6 Political force per unit areas environing fossil fuels can take to unrest, g eachplacenment alterations, and eve war.These province of aff dispersess can take to extreme societal hardships.7 Therefore, increasing expertness security hazards are a turning concern for highly- genuine and growing states likewise. muscularity security has, hence, returned to the top of the international docket like in the 1970s8 and now is considered one of the intimately of trade ch wholeenges to the universe s peace and security.The conventional ability paradigm is clearly incapable of work outing these important political and societal jobs. This state of affairs has called for a paradigm displacement in muscularity policy. As a affair of fact, a paradigm displacement in the aims of brawn policy is presently winning topographic point towards security of generate and clime change.7 conveyability is one of the carmine works of the wise paradigm. Cost-efficient, sustainable brawniness policy should take to cut down efficiency usage before seeking to foot race into the staying demand by the cleanest means possible.The planetary tendency at the minute is towards the aught schemes built around the undermentioned hierarchy in strength options from the most sustainable to the least sustainable9* Energy preservation improved slide fastener efficiency and rational usage of energy* Increasing usage of renewable antecedents* Exploitation of un-sustainable resources utilizing low-carbon engineeringsThe displacement to renewable, energy-efficient and low-carbon engineerings driven by energy security and clime alteration concerns is doing progress although at a slower gait than desired. A line of achievement from fossil fuels to a non-carbon-based economic system depart much likely occur, over the longer-term.Global Trends in renewable EnergyRenewable energy, which constitutes one of the three indispensable pillars of the new energy paradigm,10 has become a high precedence among energy policy schemes on a planetary graduated table. In most states, depending on the on-going paradigm alteration, renewable energy policies are germinating rapidly11 Many states are in the procedure of deregulating and reconsti tuting their electric spot industries. The cardinal passage of the universes energy markets has begun.As illustrated in postpone 1 and 2, a record of developed, transitioning states, and ontogenesis states have already adopted some type of policy to boot out renewable power generation. The most crude existing policy is the feed-in law13 ( feed-in duties ) , which has been enacted in many states and parts in recent old ages. There are many other signifiers of policy support for renewable power coevals, including Renewable Portfolio Standards ( RPS ) policies, direct capital investing subsidies or discounts, revenue enhancement inducements and credits, gross revenues revenue enhancement and value added revenue enhancement ( vat ) freedoms, direct production payments or revenue enhancement credits ( i.e. , per kWh ) , green certification trading, net metering, direct public investing or funding, and public competitive command for specified measures of power coevals.In at least 6 6 states worldwide, policy marks for renewable energy have been implemented. Included among these states are all 27 European Union states, 29 U.S. provinces ( and D.C. ) , and 9 Canadian provinces.14 Table 3 demonstrates that most marks are for roles of Electricity production, primary energy,15 and/or reason energy16 by a specific day of the month. Most marks aim for the 2010-2012 timeframe, although an increasing figure of marks aim for 2020. There is now an EU-wide mark of 20 per centum of concluding energy consumption17 by 2020, and a Chinese mark of 15 per centum of primary energy by 2020. Most states have set high ends for the social occasion of renewable energy by the center of the century, but present twenty-four hours occasion of renewable radicals of energy is dominated by developed states such as the United States, Germany, Spain and Denmark, every bit good Brazil and China, the fetching developing states. Hydroelectric power is the dominant renewable energy due to i ts widespread usage but air period energy and solar power are fast turning signifiers of renewable energy beginnings.The European Union ( EU ) is short taking planetary action in speed uping the passage to renewable energy and a low-carbon economic system. Harmonizing to the European Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs, we are at the beginning of 3rd industrial revolution the rapid development of an wholly new energy system. We can anticipate a monolithic displacement towards a carbon-free electrical energy system, colossal force per unit area to cut down energy ingestion and conveyance on the footing of renewable electricityThe EU is head towards the Third industrial Revolution by doing some binding committednesss. On March 2007, European leaders signed up to a adhering EU-wide mark to beginning 20 % of their energy demands from renewables such as biomass, hydro, air current, and solar power by 2020. On 23 January 2008, the European Commission put frontward severalize marks for to each one EU member province, based on their several per capita GDP. As portion of the overall mark, accomplishing at least 10 % of their conveyance fuel ingestion from bio-fuels is a adhering minimal mark for each member province. Under President Obama, the United States is besides increasing its trust on green energy 25 % of its electricity is to be generated from renewable energy beginnings by 2025. As a effect of these new policies, planetary investing in renewable energy and the installed renewable force of the universe has progressively grown over the past decennary, as illustrated in Figures 1-4. 14Harmonizing to REN21 Renewables Global Status Report, many indexs of renewable energy have shown dramatic additions in the 2000s. Annual renewable energy investing has reached $ 120 billion in 2008. Global power capacity from new renewable energy beginnings ( excepting big hydro ) expanded to 280 GW in 2008 a 16 per centum rise from the 240 GW in 2007 and a 75 per centum a ddition from 160 GW in 2004, as illustrated in Table 1. The top six states were China ( 76 GW ) , The United States ( 40 GW ) , Germany ( 34 GW ) , Spain ( 22 GW ) , India ( 13 GW ) , and Japan ( 8 GW ) . The capacity in developing states grew to 119 GW or 43 per centum of entire with China ( little hydro and air current ) and India ( air current ) taking the addition. A important milepost was reached in 2008 when added power capacity from renewables in both the United States and the European Union exceeded added power capacity from conventional power ( including gas, coal, oil and atomic ) and renewables represented much than 50 % of sum added capacity.Harmonizing to European Photovoltaic Industry Association ( EPIA ) , planetary installed solar photovoltaic power grew by 44 per centum in 2009 funded by German subsidies. The planetary solar photovoltaic electricity ( PV ) market counted an extra addition in installed capacity of about 6.4 GW in 2009, making a entire capacity of o ver 20 GW worldwide. This has been the most of import one-year capacity addition of all time and is peculiarly impressive in visible radiation of the hard fiscal and economical fortunes during the past twelvemonth. Germany was the largest demand market last twelvemonth, adding 3 gigawatts ( GW ) , followed by Italy, Japan and the United States. Germany leave behind probably stay biggest demand market in 2010, ing to the EPIA. In 2010, planetary tive installed PV capacity is expected grow by at least 40 % , while the growing is expected to increase by more than 15 % . Despite strong growing, solar power still provides merely approximately 0.5 per centum of planetary installed electricity capacity.Among new renewables ( renewables excepting big hydropower ) , wind power was the largest add-on to renewable energy capacity. Since 2000, air current power has the highest capacity of all renewables.The Global Wind Energy Council announced that the universe s air current power capacity gre w by 31 % in 2009, adding 37.5 gigawatts ( GW ) to convey entire installings up to 157.9 GW. The chief markets driving this important growing continue to be Asia, jointure America, and Europe, each of which installed more than 10 GW of new air current capacity in 2009. China was the universes largest market in 2009, more than duplicating its air current coevals capacity from 12.1 GW in 2008 to 25.1 GW at the terminal of 2009 with new capacity add-ons of 13 GW. A freshly added capacity of 1,270 MW in India and some smaller add-ons in Japan, sulphur Korea, and Taiwan make Asia the biggest regional market for wind energy in 2009, with more than 14 GW of new capacity. The U.S. air current energy market installed about 10 GW in 2009, increasing the state s installed capacity by 39 % and conveying the entire installed grid-connected capacity to 35 GW. Europe, which has traditionally been the universe s largest market for wind energy development, continued to see strong growing, besides transcending outlooks. In 2009, 10.5 GW were installed in Europe, led by Spain ( 2.5GW ) and Germany ( 1.9 GW ) . Italy, France, and the UK all added more than 1 GW of new air current capacity each. 39 % of all new capacity installed in 2009 was wind power, followed by gas ( 26 % ) and solar photovoltaic ( 16 % ) . Europe decommissioned more coal and atomic capacity than it installed in 2009. Take together, renewable energy engineerings account for 61 % of new power bring forthing capacity in 2009. As demonstrated, the air current energy industry has emerged as a major growing sphere in a figure of states.Among developing states, China and India are progressively playing a major function in both the fabrication and installing of air current energy. While taking air current turbine makers are based in industrialized states like Denmark, Germany, and Spain, India and China have caught up really rapidly- both through edifice up their ain air current industries and through support for a ir current energy deployment. Within the last decennary, they managed to come on from holding no air current turbine makers to hosting taking companies capable of fabricating whole air current turbines. It should be emphasized that these states can function as of import illustrations of how leapfrogging19 is possible in footings of industrial development and engineering acceptance in the energy sector.Turkey s Renewable Energy Policies and SchemesTurkey has significant renewable energy potency. Renewables make the second-largest part to domestic energy production and ingestion after coal.20 ( See Figure 5 ) 21 However commercial usage of renewable energy in Turkey, excepting large-scale hydropower, has non developed in proportion to its big resource base. Renewable energy usage has been dominated by big hydro and biomass ( largely wood and animate being wastes ) .20 The immense potency of Turkey in renewables like air current, solar, and geothermal has non been used expeditiously un til recently22. ( See Table 4 & A Table 5 ) 23 Unfortunately, the usage of new renewables ( renewables excepting big hydro ) is hence still highly limited because of low growth.24 Although the absolute value of renewable energy usage grows, its portion of the primitive Primary Energy Supply ( TPES ) does non increase since it does nt turn in proportion with energy ingestion as illustrated in Figure 6. So, the portion of fossil fuels continues to increase.24In the event that Turkey continues prosecuting the same policy, it is more likely that renewable portions will go on diminishing instead than increasing. Just as, entire portion of renewable in TPES has declined depending on, chiefly, diminishing biomass usage ( Table 5 ) 23 and the turning function of natural gas in the system. It has been estimated that the portion of renewable energy will diminish to % 9 of TPES in 2020.20 As illustrated in Figure 7, the portion of installed renewable capacity in entire installed capacity dr amatically decreased in the last decade.25 In add-on, Turkeys extremely supply-oriented energy policy dominated, with accent placed on guaranting extra energy supply to run into the turning demand, while the sustainability standards remained a lower precedence.Turkey is presently faced with serious environmental and energy security challenges. As illustrated in Figure 8, the portion of trade fuels continues to increase and more than approximately 70 % of the entire primary energy ingestion in the state is met by imports.25 And as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, entire CO2 emanations are quickly increasing.25 Energy strength remains excessively high in comparing to the other OECD Countries.26 Therefore, environmental and energy security hazards continue to increase in Turkey. Turkey s energy state of affairs is obviously unsustainable and in struggle with the emerging energy paradigm every bit good as with modern-day planetary energy tendencies. Changing these unsustainable forms i s one of the chief challenges for Turkey. It is clear that the bing renewable energy potency must be realized in a sensible clip period. It is a measure in the in good order way that determination shapers in Turkey have already on the docket to use hydro and renewable resources such as air current, and geothermic energy to run into in demand in a sustainable mode.Recently, onward motion has been made with look on to renewable energy ordinances. The Electricity grocery Law, which was enacted in March 2001, authorized the Energy Market Regulatory Agency ( EMRA ) to take the necessary steps to advance the use of renewable energy resources27. The First Renewable Energy Law no. 5346, entered into force in 200528. The Renewable Energy Law was a cardinal measure for beef uping the state s decentralized renewable energy sector. However, much more still needs to be done. It is an pressing demand to split up the state s Renewable Energy Strategy. Turkey is besides seeking to take new st airss for exciting renewable energy usage and investings to speed up the passage to renewable energy.Following the passage of the Renewable Energy Law No. 5346 in May 2005, investor involvement in the renewable energy sector has risen distinctively29 This is particularly the instance in relation to the coevals of electricity through hydro workss and air current farms22. A crisp addition in the figure of license appliers for renewables has occurred. Despite a rise in the Numberss, the involvement in renewable energy undertakings was hindered by the loaners reluctance because of the uncertainness in the purchase warrants. As a consequence, the authorities introduced an of import series of amendments in 200730 and 200831. The amendment to the jurisprudence in May 2007 secured a changeless purchase monetary value for all types of renewable beginnings. Current inducements to advance renewable energy by The Electricity Market Law with No. 4628 and Renewable Energy Law with No. 5346 are s hown in Table 6.32 Following these amendments important advancement has been made. As illustrated in Table 7, a sum of 601 renewable undertakings with a capacity of 15500 MW have been licensed by 2009.22 The attempts successfully resulted in significant additions in the air current and geothermic capacity, as illustrated in Figures 11-12. However, as Tables 4 and 7 demonstrate22 solar capacity has non developed and it clearly needs farther publicity. Therefore, a Draft Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law has late been prepared in order to supply farther inducements to the renewable energy sector. This Draft Law will turn to issues such as the finding of different purchase monetary values for the electricity produced from different types of renewable energy, simpler trade mechanism for renewable pool, and extra support in ness electro-mechanical equipment manufactured in Turkey. Harmonizing to this Draft Law, different monetary values changing from Euro centime 5 /kwh t0 Euro Cent 18 /kwh w e applied to the purchase of eleetricity depending on the type of renew. able energy resource used ( seeTable 8 ) .32 It is considered to be a more realistic attack than the Renewable Energy Law since it contemplates the application of higher and different monetary values depending on the type of renewable energy resources, and therefore, responds better to the demands of the sector. The purpose is chiefly to spread out the use of solar energy for bring forthing electrical energy in Turkey. However, the Last Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law has yet to be implemented. The Draft Amending Law was supposed to go through the National familiar Assembly on June, 2009. But it was hang up to reconsider purchase monetary values because it would make an excess load on the exchequer. It is still under treatment in the Turkish National General Assembly.Turkey is besides now at the phase of puting marks for renewable energy development. The Higher Board of Planning adopted the Electric Energy Market and Supply Security Strategy Paper 33 in May 2009. In this Strategy Paper, the long term primary mark is to guarantee that the portion of renewable resources in electricity coevals is increased up to at least 30 % by 2023. This scheme papers was published as a general route map to increase the portion of renewable energy in electricity coevals. Within the model of the Strategy Paper, long term attempts will take into consideration the following marks by 2023* Ensure that available technically and economically hydro- electric potency is to the full utilised,* Increase installed weave energy power to 20,000 MW,* Commission all geothermic potency of 600 MW that is presently considered as suited for electric production,* Generalize the usage of solar energy for bring forthing energy and guarantee maximal use of state potency,* Follow and implement closely technological progresss in the usage of solar energy for electricity coevals,* Amend consequently the Law No. 5346 to promote coevals of electricity utilizing solar energy,* Prepare and bring forth programs that will take into history the possible alterations in use potencies of other renewable energy resources based on technological and legislative developments and in instance of additions, use of such resources, portion of fossil fuels and peculiarly of imported resource, will be reduced consequently.Recently, the Ministry of Energy and indispensable Resources prepared its Strategic Plan covering the period between 2010 and 2014.25 Increasing the portion of renewable energy resources is one of the programs ends to supply energy supply security.Near-term marks are the undermentioned* The hydro electricity programs of 5,000 MW under building will be completed by 2013.* The air current works installed capacity, which was 802.8 MW as of 2009, will be increased up to 10,000 MW by 2015.* The installed capacity for the geothermal works will be increased from 77.2 MW in 2009 up to 300 MW by 2015.Both of this long term and close term scheme programs are non, on their ain, lawfully adhering. It is, nevertheless, expected that their commissariats will be incorporated into future ordinances and statute law.ConsiderationsAlthough Turkey has important renewable energy resources for electricity production, this potency has non yet been used expeditiously. The legislator in Turkey has taken of import stairss in order to advance the usage of renewable energy resources in the production of electricity and to promote the investings in this market. However, Turkey is doing comparatively slow advancement in the realisation of its purposes of renewable energy. The ground for this is that policies and steps adopted in the state taking to heighten the usage of renewable energy beginnings are chiefly driven by the demands of the EU accession procedure. It seems that Turkey could nt internalise the new energy paradigm specifically plenty, although it has adapted to the EUs ordinances. F irst of wholly, the paradigm alteration should right be understood and internalized by the Turkish authorities. This would let the authorities to put up a legal and institutional model conducive to this new energy paradigm, draws up the specifications of what the energy system of the hereafter should look like, and formulate policy following the new energy paradigm. Second, the administrative staff should be educated and dexterous on how to implement and internalise the new energy paradigm, because one of the cardinal facets of this procedure is a conceptual re-invention of how energy ingestion and production is done and how the link up establishments operate.Turkey should set about comprehensive attempts to get rid of the failings in its policies and ordinances and how they are implemented. It is a race against the clip as prima states compete with each other in this race towards the Third Industrial Revolution. If Turkey does nt desire to lose out on the Third Industrial Revolut ion, and if it wants to catch up with taking developing states, such as China and India, which managed to catch up with the developed states, it should instantly speed up the passage procedure to renewable energy. proficient leapfrogging is one of the ways to accomplish this goal.34 From a conventional point of position, developing states passively adopt engineering as standard merchandises, which have been developed in industrial states. However, leapfrogging represents an attractive option for these late industrializing states. The function of technological leapfrogging within a sustainable development context35 is non automatic, since leapfrogging entirely does non vouch or even promote prosperity. However, from a more philosophical position, it has been argued that there is, in fact, no option to leapfrogging for developing countries.36 If these states do non try to update their engineerings, they face exclusion from the planetary mainstream economic tendencies every bit good as continued want and poorness for their people. Turkey should besides non reiterate the energy history of the industrialised countries37. Similarly to the success narratives of the Indian and Chinese air current industries, leapfrogging chances may besides be for Turkey with its huge potency of renewable resources.Decision shapers in Turkey should internalise the construct of leapfrogging as an built-in portion of their renewable energy vision and should seek to implement its many possible applications. However, in order to protect the investing of the state s scarce resources available for advanced engineerings, as is the instance in most underdeveloped states, and to separate between fortunes where leapfrogging may or may non be successful, careful and elaborate analyses should be carried out.Endnotes1. Rajni Bakshi, A new energy paradigm, The Hindu, Online edition of Indias National Newspaper, Dec. 24, 2000.2. Amulya Kumar N. Reddy, Development, Energy and Environment Alternati ve Paradigms , retreived from hypertext deepen protocol //amulya-reddy.org.in3. P. D. Rakin and R. M. Margolis, Global Energy, Sustain ability, and the Conventional Development Paradigm, Energy Sources, Part A Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 20, No. 4, ( 1998 ) , pp. 363-383.4. Hal Turton and Leonardo Barreto, Long-run security of energy supply and clime alteration, Vol. 34. No. 15 ( October, 2006 ) , pp. 2232-2250.5. Eshita Gupta, Oil exposure index of oil-importing states, Energy Policy, Vol. 36, ( January, 2008 ) , pp. 1195-1211.6. James P. Dorian, Herman T Franssen and Dale R. Simbeck, Global challenges in energy, Energy Policy, Vol. 34, No. 15 ( October, 2006 ) , pp. 1984-1991.7. Valeria Costantini, Francesco Gracceva, Anil Markandya and Giorgia Vicini, Security of energy supply Comparing scenarios from a European position, Energy Policy, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( January, 2007 ) , pp. 210-226.8. William J. Nuttall and Devon L. Manz M. Totten, A New E nergy Security Paradigm for the Twenty- First Century, EPRG Working Paper, retrieved May 1, 2010, from hypertext reposition protocol //wwweprg.group.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/ll/eprg0731.pdf9. Energy Policy Statement 09/03, Institution of Mechanical Engineers retrieved May 2010 from hypertext dislodge protocol //www.imeche.Org/NR/rdonlyres/9C7E8DCD-150C-4ECA-A387-D71DEAAAAFAD/0/Energy HierarchylMechEPolicy.p df10. Jeremy Rifkin, Leading the Way to the Third Industrial Revolution and a New Social Europe in the twenty-first Century, European TIR Paper, retrieved May, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol //wwwfoet.org/packet/ European.pdf.11. Roland Menges, Supporting renewable energy on liberalised markets green electricity between additionality and consumer sovereignty, Energy Policy, Vol. 31 ( 2003 ) , pp. 583-596.12. REN 2 ( Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21th Century ) , Renewables Global Status Report 2009 Update, retrieved May, 2010 from hypertext tra nsfer protocol //www.ren21.net/pdf/RE_GSR_2009_Update.pdf13. A legal duty on public-service corporations to buy electricity from renewable beginnings.14. REN 2 ( Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21th Century ) , Renewables Global Status Report 2007, retrieved on May 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol //www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/g2007.asp.15. Energy that has non been subjected to any transition or transmutation procedure.16. Form of energy available to the substance abuser following the transition from primary energy bearers such as rough oil, natural gas, atomic energy, coal and regenerative energies.17. Sum of the energy supplied to the concluding user for all energy utilizations.18. A. Piebalgs, Energy Commissioner, European Response to energy challenges? Address at the EU Energy and Environment Law and Policy Conf Brussels ( January 22, 2009 ) , retrieved May, 20 10, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.energypolicyblog.com/2009/02/ 10/european-union-at-the- eve-of-the-thirdindustrial-revolution % E2 % 80 % 9D/ .19. Technology leapfrogging is a term used to depict the bypassing of technological phases that other states have gone trough. This is the definition used by Edward Steinmueller in the paper titled ICTS and the Possibilities for Leapfroging by Developing States, International Labor Review, Vol.140, No.2 ( 2001 ) , p. 194.20. International Energy Agency, Energy Policies of IEA Countries, Turkey 2005 Review , 2005. hypertext transfer protocol //www. iea. org/textbase/npp df/f ree/200 5/turkey200 5.p df21. F. Cecen, Opportunities in Turkish Electricity Market ( May, 2009 ) retrieved May 1, 2010, from http// World Wide Web. the- Ate. org/events/c09/content/presentations/B2- Cecen- Firat-ICTAS.pdf22. Burak Dilli, General Overview of Turkish Electricity Sector Privatization & A Renewable Energy, PP Presentation hypertext transfer protocol //www.the-atc.org/events/c09/content/presentations/B2-Dilli-BudakMinistryOfEnergy.p df23 . Mediterranean Energy Perspectives 2008, Observatoire Mediterraneen de lEnergie ( OME ) , 2008, retrieved April 1, 2010, from htpp//www omeenergie.com/mp-2008- 12- 5-en-335.pdf, pp. 315-378.24. Zeki Aybar Eris, , Great Wind Potential of Turkey, POWER-GEN Europe 2007, Feria de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, June 26-28, 2007, p. 18-26.25. The Repudie of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Strategy Plan 2010-2014, Ankara, 2010.26. Erdal Aa?alikoglu, Energy Efficiency in Turkey , TAIEX Workshop 25625 on Demand Side Management in Energy Efficiency, November 22-23, 2007, General directorate of Electric Power Resources, Survey and Development Administration, Ankara, Turkey, retrieved May, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.eie.gov.tr/ duyurular/EV/TAIEX/ taiex_sunular.html.27. Dirk Gaupp, Turkeys New Law on Renewable Energy Sources within the Context of the opening Negotiations with the EU, German Law Journal, Vol. 08, No. 04 ( 2007 ) , pp. 413-416.28. Deger Boden, Circuit Makers , IFLR, International Financial Law reappraisal, ( June 1, 2009 ) .29. HergAA?ner Bilgen A-zeke, Turkey The New Law on Renewable Energy Resources, Environmental & A Energy, ( April 4, 2007 ) .30. Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources for the Purpose of Generation Electricity, Official publishNo. 24335, dated 10.05.2005 ( Law No. 5346 ) , Last Amendment Official Gazette No. 26510, dated 02.05.2007.31. Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources for the Purpose of Generation Electricity, Official GazetteNo. 24335, dated 10.05.2005 ( Law No. 5346 ) , Last Amendment Official Gazette No. 270522, dated 03.12.2008.32. Energy, Utilities & A Mining Sector, Renewables Report On the cheery side of the street* Opportunities and challenges in the Turkish renewable energy market Industries, ( disdainful 2009 ) retrieved May, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.pwc.com/tr_TR/tr/publications/Assets/Renewables_Report_On_the_sunny_side_of_the_stree t.pdf.33. Turkeys Electric Energy Market and Supply Security Strategy Paper with Res. No. 2009/1 1, dated 18.09.2009. hypertext transfer protocol //www.enerji. gov.tr/yayinlar_rap orlar/ Arz_Guvenligi_Stratej i_Belgesi.p df34. Hasan Saygm, Technological Leapfrogging in Energy in Developing States, Enerji, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( Ocak, 2006 ) , p. 27. ( in Turkish )35. Robert Davison, Doug Vogel, Roger Haris and Noel Jones, Technology Leapfrogging in Developing Countries- an Inevitable Luxury, Vol. 1, No. 5 EJISDC ( 2000 ) , pp. 1-10.36. W. Edward Steinmueller, ICTs and the possibilities for Leapfroging by Developing States, International Labour Review, Vol. 140, No. 2 ( 2000 ) .37. Hasan Saygin, Zero Emission Technologies for battling Global Heating, Enerji, Vol. 11 ( Mart, 2006 ) No. 3, p. 25.

The Program No Child Left Behind Education Essay

The NCLB plan was proposed by the disposal of the chairwoman George W. Bush shortly after they took office. The measure passed on June 14, 2001 and was signed in to jurisprudence on January 8, 2002 by the president. The plan was called to back up the educational reform that was based on the belief that set uping of mensural finiss and high criterion scenes could be able to better single educational results. The Act obliged provinces to make and develop appraisals in all basic accomplishments and set apart it to all pupils in tr personals that receive federal support. NCLB does non maintain any national criterion of accomplishments they atomic number 18 set by each province separately. Nevertheless, present President of the United States Barack Obama during the 2011 State of the Union Address announced that nicklebee is traveling to be replaced. What ar the grounds?Without some of import alterations this plan is improbable could be re-authorized. Sanctions of completion sch ools with low public presentation without giving options make kids to halt attention schools in vicinity and visit distance schools in which public presentation is higher. It is iodine target of unfavorable judgment of NCLB. Another negative side is approximately high bets proving that replaced an effectual instruction as a chief focal point of instructional scheduling.Under the present jurisprudence, the AYP ( Adequate Yearly Progress ) is increasing every yr, i.e. any schools, or establishments who in one twelvemonth did nt do the AYP ar often far behind in the following season. Besides, the NCLB gave some demands that many per centums of particular instruction pupils increase their public presentation at the little or basic degree to the high or adept degree. In the NCLB last reauthorization, they allowed up to 3 % of kids to travel for an interchange appraisal on their degree of disablement. Children that are 2 or 3 old ages below normal grade degree are requested to take t he suited class degree rating.The unalike commercial initiative with the bing statute law is that every province has its ain manner of developing its trial. In an dry point of position, the province whose rating is more close to the here and now of their pupils on the NAEP does non basically take up the maximal per centum of high degree pupils at the 8th and 11th class, which in other words shows the silencing of some provinces evaluation, close to especially in the southern parts of the United States.Before to discourse critics of NCLB let us look through some goodness sides and accomplishment of the plan. Recent NAEP ( content Assessment of Educational Progress ) consequences show accomplishment of pupils in reading and math were improved. The most important advancement was made by nine twelvemonth olds kids. Some research workers try to contend the consequences of this accomplishment. Nevertheless, the plan was non wholly useless. Let us advert some of import betterment. Improvement of local criterions notably vernal York State supported the commissariats of NCLB because they were certain that the plan could let to utilize the longitudinal informations much more efficaciously to supervise YAP. Hayes ( 2008 ) declared that as a consequence of nicklebee provinces all oer America achieved betterment in their advancement Increased answerability this is the 1 strong positive point that is claimed by NCLB protagonists. principle obliges schools to go through annually trials which are traveling to look into how much betterments scholars achieved during a twelvemonth. The trials are the chief mean to see whether a school lives up to the needed criterions or non. If the consequence is negative, a school will run into decrease support or other type of penalty. Supporters province that NCLB helps schools and instructors to recognize the magnificence and signifi cornerstonece of the educational system and how the low degree of answerability impacting the American state. Nevertheless, some oppositions are against a penalty because it would instead impact a school than aid it because no penalty contributes to the betterment of schools and pupils Attention to minority populations NCLB aimed to make the common outlooks for everybody it meant to diminish racial and category spread in schools. Harmonizing to the plan s requires, territories and schools supposed to concentrate on the academic accomplishment of those groups of kids that were traditionally underserved ( for illustration, pupil with disablements, low income or from cultural and racial subgroups ) Quality of instruction an ideal end of NCLB plan was to increase the quality of instruction improve schools public presentation. Requirement for schools supposed to be following to implement in schoolrooms researches that are based on scientific discipline, to supply different plans with parents engagement, to assist those pupils that were non encouraged in developing professio nal activity. Besides schools were expected to supply Early Reading First enterprise to back up early literacy. Language humanistic disciplines, scientific discipline accomplishments, mathematics and emphatic reading required to be include in to totality academic topics.We mentioned some good sides of the plan NCLB. Some of those ends were partially achieved some of them left on a paper of the measure. Let us discourse unfavorable point.The attraction of NCLB s events is vehemently disputed. It is really hard to measure the utility of the act this is because it applied to all provinces doing it hard to deduce what would hold happened without the act. Nevertheless, surveies of the province art systems that were in topographic point before NCLB specify that liability for consequences led to faster advancement in achievement for the provinces that conveying together such schemes.A The continual geographic expedition of province trial Markss before and after executing of NCLB besi des supports its optimistic influence.A Owens & A Sunderman ( 2006 ) mentioned that a chief animadversion emphasizes that NCLB could shrivel artisan direction and pupil instruction because it may do provinces to subordinate achievement purposes and influence instructors to leave to the appraisal. Packer ( 2007 ) said that a chief helpful entitlement proclaims that methodical proving offers facts that shed visible radiation on which institutes are non learning simple accomplishments successfully, so that interventions can be made to retrieve merchandises for all students while falling the attainment spread for deprived and disabled students.The Critiques of NCLB can be systematized into the undermentioned categorizationsUnrealistic endsHarmonizing to Alabama State Superintendent Joe Morton on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 There s a misconception in the jurisprudence and everyone are familiar with it, Confering to the No Child Left Behind Act, by 2014 all kid is supposed to prove on rating degree in analysis and math. Harmonizing to Daggett & A Gendron ( 2010 ) That ca nt go on you have excessively many variables and you have excessively many scenarios, and everybody knows that would never go on . Harmonizing to Caylor, M. J. , Alabama State Board Member I do nt believe that No Child Left Behind has benefited this province. She claimed the end of blow % ability is inaccessible.A Harmonizing to Murray, C A the United States social intercourse, moving with big bipartizan bulks, at the goad of the President, enacted as the jurisprudence of the land that all kids are to be above norm . Bet oning the systemThe strategy of temptations and effects sets up a solid enthusiasm for institutes, parts, and provinces to act upon trial consequences. For case, schools have been made cognise to engage originative reclassification of drop-outs to decrease negative measurings ) .Many critics claim that these and other attacks generate an exaggerated consciousness of NCLB s accomplishments, chiefly in provinces with high peripheral populations. Liston, Whitcomb, & A Borko ( 2007 ) stated that the incentives for an sweetening besides may do provinces to decrease their certified ethical motives. For the ground that every province can outflow its ain consistent appraisals, a province can do its general appraisals at easiness to upsurge scores.A Missouri, for case, enhanced ambitious tonss but flexibly self-proclaimed that they pull reduce the principles.A A 2007 reappraisal by the United States Dept. of Education specifies that the sensed changes in provinces testified tonss is fundamentally due to alterations in the stringency of their ethical motives.Problems with standardised trialsHarmonizing to Abedi ( 2007 ) we see that disparagers have debated that the attempt onA consistent analysisA ( all students in a province return equal trial in the same fortunes ) as the agencies of rating inspires instructors to clear up a little division of abilities that the instructor considers will upsurge assessment public presentation, instead than accent on obtaining profound apprehension of the full, wide-ranging prospectus.The practice of giving all students equal test, in the same state of affairss, has been alleged of built-in cultural bias for the ground that different civilizations may rate different endowments. Besides, it may fight with theA Persons with Disabilities Education ActA ( IDEA ) , which states that institutes must lodge helpless pupils.Gifted, talented, and high-performing pupilsSpecific local schools are merely endorsing direction for indispensable subjects or for disciplinal distinguishable instruction. NCLB puts load on schools to assure that about all students will run into the least skill phases that is set by all province in reading, authorship, and computation, but necessitates nil outside these lower limits. Plans that are non critical to achieving the directed lowest accomplishments are ignored or d isregarded by those quarters. In precise, NCLB does non ask any plans for skilled, talented, and other high-performing scholars.Consequence on humanistic disciplines and electivesThe chief focal point of NCLB is on abilities in reading, composing and arithmetic, which are parts connected to pecuniary success. Shared with the economic catastrophes in theA Late 2000s slack, some schools have cut or eradicated Sessionss and resources for many capable extents that are non portion of NCLB s duty principles.A eer since 2007, about 71 % of schools have abridged some tuition clip in topics like history, humanistic disciplines, linguistic communication and music, in attempt to give more period and resources to arithmetic and English.In many schools, the categories remain present, but different pupils who are non adept in basic abilities are sent to strict reading or mathematics lessons instead than humanistic disciplines, athleticss, or other voluntary topics.Restrictions on local controlV ariousA conservativeA orA tolerantA critics have claimed that NCLB groups a new customary for regionalizing instruction and puting a form for farther devastation of province and local control. Harmonizing to Dollarhide & A Lemberger ( 2006 ) , libertarians and some conformist farther claim that the cardinal authorities has noA primitive authorization in acquisition, which is why part in NCLB is purely elected States need non carry through with NCLB, every bit long as they are eager to release the federal subsidy that comes with it. The provinces that select non to obtain subsidy will hold their responsibilities used in another province alternatively.Additions Segregation in Public SchoolsSarant ( 2007 ) is certain that many persons accept as true that No Child Left Behind has played a portion in the growing of separated public institutes. Probes have revealed that many African American bookmans attend the bottommost acting schools in the state, and African Americans score signif icantly inferior on about every gage of academic wellbeing than do offspring of a Caucasic decent.Sogunro, Faryniarz, & A Rigazio-Digilio ( 2009 ) presented that one current survey has revealed that many schools in California and Illinois that have non encountered AYP function 75-85 % alternate pupils while schools run intoing AYP have fewer than 40 % minority pupils. Besides, even though institutes that do non come across AYP are obligatory to offer their bookmans parents the opportunity to reassign their pupils to a non-failing institute inside the part, it is non critical that the other school receives the pupil. The parents with more preparation and capitals are most likely to go forth minor schools. And besides they are more expected to analyze the institutes and do an up-to-date pick on where to handover their kid. This over and over once more intimations to stray schools by reciprocally race and category.It is easy to see that it turned to be instead difficult to run origi nally good thoughts. Some critics argue that NCLB plan is irreclaimable. However, the reform received some proposals. Tommy Thompson, the former Health and Human Services Secretary and Roy Barnes, former Georgia Governor, which were co-chairs of the Aspen Commission on No Child Left Behind Program, made the Commission s concluding recommendation about reauthorization populace in February 2007. The Commission put attempts on the betterment of NCLB and on doing it more utile in shuting spreads between disadvantage pupils and their equals. The Commission was analyzing the consequence and analysis during one twelvemonth and showed successes of the Program and those facets of it that need to be significantly modified or changed.One more alternate proposal was offered from The Forum on Educational Accountability ( FEA ) , the Joint Organizational Statement on NCLB working group. The chief thought of the proposal is to switch the Program NCLB to back uping communities and accountably keep them if they make alterations that help pupils to better acquisition.Sum uping all the information above, we can see that NCLB had many utile ends. Decreasing spread between disables, racial groups and other kids is among them but the Program demand to be significantly improved. The present President of the United States Barack Obama works on the procedure of the reauthorization for the ESEA that was a precursor of neclebee . He and Congress are presently working on induction of the reform measures Congress take a firm standing on the legion amendments to the measure. Obama claims his end to moo that spread between white and black pupils. Now the community is delay for the new consequences and hope that all positive promises and claims will be achieved in a short clip..

Balancing Federal Budget

Jared Owen Revenues (in millions of dollars) Individual Income Taxes Corporate Income Taxes Social Insurance and loneliness Receipts Excise Taxes Other Total 2011 Federal cipher 1,091,473 181,085 818,792 72,381 139,735 2,303,466 Your Budget $1,391,473 $187,946 $800,000 $65,256 $159,000 $2,603,675 Difference +$300,000 +$6,861 -$18,792 -$7,125 +$19,265 +$303,166 Expenditures (in millions of dollars) 050 National Defense Total-Spending categories 150-450 500 Education 550 Health 570 Medicare 600 Income Security 650 Social Security Total-Spending categories 700-950 Total 2011 Federal Budget 705,625 257,662 101,233 372,500 485,653 597,352 730,811 352,225 3,603,061 Your Budget $505,644 $200,632 $110,000 $250,500 $479,222 $407,123 $450,351 200,203 2,603,675 Difference -$199,981 -$57,030 +$8,767 -$122,000 -$6,431 -$190,229 -$280,460 -$152,022 -$999,386 I am going to raise the individual income tax which might anger people however I am lowering the excise taxes which is for gas, etc.I am in any case raising corporate income taxes because big franchise companies can afford to give up some of their income to be able to give much elsewhere. I feeling lowering the social insurance and retirement receipts was a good idea because there are course of instructions and benefits that are already implemented into this and the extra funds get out be put in areas that do not have extra jock and rely just on the coin inflow. I increase the other category because since it incorporates multiple programs, the big increase will be spread across a lot of different programs therefore, to each individual program it will not be a big increase.I lowered the National Defense pass because since we won the war overseas, we are bringing more(prenominal) and more troops home and even though it is not a total peace time, we do not have to spend as much as the year before. I actually increased what is spend on education because that is very important to our plain and the more educate d people there are, the more jobs people will be able to get which in turn means they make more bills then they would without education. This means that more money will increase the GDP and make the economy grow.Unfortunately, I had to cut some spending in the health and medicare areas but there are programs and benefits that help these areas so it is not as much as a loss and the plain numbers show. I decreased the social security because this government spending does not count towards the GDP which means it does nothing for the economy. These people can afford to take a minor pay cut in rear for that money to be used in other areas that will help the economy grow. I decreased the income security because of the different acts such as The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 which protect these people in said programs.The decrease in both total spending categories are appropriate, again, because they include multiple areas that already have benefits implemented in them. This means that a small decrease in many areas will give a bigger sum of money to be spent in other areas. In conclusion, the areas that need to be changed are the ones that will make the population spend more in our country to increase our GDP and in turn get our economy back on track. By doing this, we are getting our economy under control which will lead to it becoming easier to balance the federal budget.

Why Is Autumn the Best Season?

gloaming, the only season where you give the bounce watch the multicolored leaves fall and the unique chirping of birds in the fall. Fall is the best season because you beginnert have wear thick jackets as the weather is not too racy or cold, sports could be a main exercise for you outside, and its a chance to spend with your family during special passs. One of the advantages of the autumn weather is that you wont get chilly or get overheated interchangeable the other seasons.You wont have to stay in all the time because the weather is perfect unlike summer when its too hot or too cold like in winter. There is something different about the touch sensation of wind when you open the door to go outside that begins the feeling of autumn. Sometimes it rains during the fall but that strengthens the feeling of this season. Also during the summer its soccer, baseball, football, and rugby season. Fall is a great time to watch and play these sports. You can go outside with your friends and family to go sporting outside in the autumn breeze.Fall can make getting tackled by a huge jock a lot more fun. Im not a huge fan of watching sports but I heard its what brings families and friends together in the fall. I wish I watched sports but I rather watch the thanksgiving parade. Holidays are one of the best ways to get together with your family and friends. descent holidays include Thanksgiving Day and Halloween. The Thanksgiving holiday is a four-day holiday over the weekend. Families and friends usually eat a special meal together (usually with a turkey as the main dish).This meal also usually includes mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, pumpkin pie, several casseroles, and stuffing. Halloween is also a special holiday in the fall. Halloween is a holiday in many countries that is celebrated on the night of October 31st. Children wear costumes and they go to deals homes saying Trick or treat to ask for candy and then people give it to them. This practice originally inv olved a threat. In this case the threat could be explained as Give me a treat or I will play a trick on you. Children today usually do not play tricks if they do not get treats.However, some children silence get up to mischief (pranks or things to make fun of people like putting toilet paper in trees writing on windows with goop or throwing eggs at peoples houses). For me autumn is when it all comes together The weather is usually the best of the year. The shadows lengthen. The grass green up and loves the cool nights and occasional moisture. The leaves bend gorgeous colors. Theres a crisp scent in the air. Pomegranates are in season. And sports, ah, yes, sports. Its the best season for sports. Thats why Autumn is the best season.

Two Vastly Difrent Words Two Vastley Diffrent Meanings

Two vastly different words with Two vastly different meanings Ignorance and Stupidity atomic number 18 words that ar commonly use out of context and either word is often monstrously used in the others rightful place. Ignorance is commonly mistaken for stupidity in society. Just as commonly, stupidity squirt be denied and termed as ignorance. To say that these words are one in the same is ignorance in and of its self, that is if one is uninformed of the true definitions of either word.When one has been informed of the correct definition and still uses the term out of context headspring, that is an example of stupidity. For many reasons these deuce words need two vastly different meanings which go off be easily contrasted with some thought. Ignorance can be specify as having no acquaintance or information in ones mind of a specific stem. Ignorance is the result of a lack of education, one can not be expected to have the correct response when exposed to something they are une ducated on.For example, a male student walks into his college math class half an hour late. He sits down and is indeed handed a quiz on concretion and instructed to finish the quiz in fifteen minutes. He hasnt read any of the chapter on potassium hydrogen tartrate assigned last week and he has missed the lecture on calculus that his teacher gave at the beginning of the class. This is the first he has heard of calculus and he has had no prior experience in the subject. Therefore the student was sensual on the subject.He failed the quiz because of his ignorance. The student may have carry the information given on calculus well and aced the test had he obtained that information. Ignorance is also a term used to describe being unaware of something. such(prenominal) as, when a good friend of mine bill ate crab legs for the first time he was ignorant to the fact that he was allergic to shellfish. His pharynx itched then swelled and he was quickly rushed to the E. R that night. Kno w he is no longer ignorant to that fact. another(prenominal) words to describe ignorance are uninformed, unlearned, uneducated and unwitting . Stupidity can be defined as a lack of intelligence. When one lacks intelligence they lack the ability to think and learn. They also lack the ability to apply information that they have been given. Stupidity can also be described as a lack of perception, not victimization the senses or lacking common sense. When one does not think logically or chooses not to make practical judgments based on the experience they already posses that is stupidity.Stupidity is expressed in irrational or thoughtless behavior. Such as the story given earlier of the male college student who didnt flying field he showed an example of ignorance by having no knowledge of the subject he was being quizzed on. He also showed an example of stupidity. He would not have been ignorant had he studied. He was not ignorant to the fact that he had a chapter to read or of the time he was to be in class he just stupidly chose not to read the chapter just as he stupidly chose to be late for class.Because of this thoughtless, stupid behavior he was left ignorant. Other words to describe stupidity are foolish, senseless, witless and idiotic. Ignorance is a term used to describe ones unknowing, as to say he is ignorant of a subject not because he is stupid but because he lacks knowledge of that subject. It is a term that should never be used to insult and just as well should never be taken that way. There is no one person who possess no ignorance at all, we all have things we are ignorant of. asa dulcis Franklin once said being ignorant is not so much a shame as being unwilling to learn. One can attempt to dispel there ignorance by seeking out and the proper Knowledge and education. Once they obtain the proper information and knowledge then they are no longer ignorant of the subject. Stupidity is a term used as an insult and can usually be correctly perceived as one. When a person uses the term stupid to describe another they are usually placing the blame of thoughtlessness or another negative trait such as foolishness on that other person. Fools rush in where fools been before Unknown. While ignorance can be dispelled as quickly as one can learn, stupidity seems to be a pattern or bad habit that even the most educated people tend to exhibit. It can take a lot longer for some to get rid of there stupidity then for others to gain knowledge and rid of there ignorance. These terms have been defined enough to show why they are two vastly different words with two vastly different meanings and are expected to be used wisely.

A Woman of No Importance/Mrs. Warren’s Profession

Consider the various ways in which Wilde presents the role of women in present-day(a) society in A Woman of No enormousness. Compare and contrast this with Shaws creation of the female characters in Mrs. warrens calling. Ensure that you offer alternative viewpoints in your answer as well as demonstrating aspects of the melodramatic and theatrical from two texts. In both A Woman of No Importance (1893) and Mrs.Warrens Profession (1894) texts, there is evidence of shared and contrasting views regarding the role of women in contemporary society presented through characters attitudes, and this is oddly significant, considering that both plays were written near the turn of the century in a majorly patriarchal society, when the onset of come to rights was finally beginning to be considered and the liberated cleaning noblewoman had surfaced. How exactly did Wilde and Bernard Shaw present this? on that point much evidence to ponder.An arguably atypical and progressive nature of so me of the female characters in both texts is evident within, particularly in that of A Woman of No Importances American prude Hester Worsely, ironically named after adulterous Hester Prynne of the mincing novel The Scarlet letter (1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne). Hester is very much conflicting to the aristocratic nature of the rest of the party and refers to English society as shallow, selfish, foolish, (act II, p33) believing in social and gender par.This is made clear when she goes on to show her ravish towards unseen infamous captain Henry Weston, Lady Carolines brother, and how they are unjust to women in England and she weighs If a man and a woman have sinned let them both be branded. Her jolly inappropriately timed speeches send word her views are regarded as estranged, perhaps due to her bashful naivety, and I believe the perhaps it was Wildes conception for Hester to symbolize the New Woman, and her out of place nature avocation initial introduction to Victorian society .Hesters outlook and views on society are not non-homogeneous to the strong, confident, self-possessed, character of Vivie Warren in Mrs. Warrens Profession, who is also a firm truster in the liberation of women and equality of sexes, and whom, after immediate introduction demonstrates uncharacteristically male mannerisms and possessions, A ladys bicycle is propped up against the wallA Woman of No Importance/Mrs. Warrens ProfessionConsider the various ways in which Wilde presents the role of women in contemporary society in A Woman of No Importance. Compare and contrast this with Shaws presentation of the female characters in Mrs. Warrens Profession. Ensure that you offer alternative viewpoints in your answer as well as demonstrating aspects of the dramatic and theatrical from both texts. In both A Woman of No Importance (1893) and Mrs.Warrens Profession (1894) texts, there is evidence of shared and contrasting views regarding the role of women in contemporary society presented th rough characters attitudes, and this is particularly significant, considering that both plays were written near the turn of the century in a majorly patriarchal society, when the onset of equal rights was finally beginning to be considered and the liberated woman had surfaced. How exactly did Wilde and Bernard Shaw present this? There much evidence to ponder.An arguably atypical and progressive nature of some of the female characters in both texts is evident within, particularly in that of A Woman of No Importances American puritan Hester Worsely, ironically named after adulterous Hester Prynne of the Victorian novel The Scarlet Letter (1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne). Hester is very much opposed to the aristocratic nature of the rest of the party and refers to English society as shallow, selfish, foolish, (act II, p33) believing in social and gender equality.This is made clear when she goes on to show her outrage towards unseen infamous Lord Henry Weston, Lady Carolines brother, and how they are unjust to women in England and she believes If a man and a woman have sinned let them both be branded. Her somewhat inappropriately timed speeches suggest her views are regarded as estranged, perhaps due to her bashful naivety, and I believe the perhaps it was Wildes intention for Hester to symbolize the New Woman, and her out of place nature following initial introduction to Victorian society.Hesters outlook and views on society are not dissimilar to the strong, confident, self-possessed, character of Vivie Warren in Mrs. Warrens Profession, who is also a firm believer in the liberation of women and equality of sexes, and whom, after immediate introduction demonstrates uncharacteristically male mannerisms and possessions, A ladys bicycle is propped up against the wall

Hyundai and Kia Essay

The international corporate tarnishing strategy of Hyundai and Kia are uniform yet varied. twain organizations put plans into action that would potentially catapult their discolorations into the first-class food food market share position. Hyundai began its strategic scratching work out by focusing on improving the perception of their brand, positioning itself as a maker of fine and confident automobiles. While Kia attempted to improve consumer perception by billing the maker as an excite and enabling automaker. Brands must adapt and communicate in more ways than one to r for each one a fragmented and or distracted audience. The challenges associated with rebranding the identity of both Hyundai and Kia involved the development of purposeful attributes to bring around and reinforce the emotional perceptions.For example, Kias world(a) pledge or brand promise was built on the makers commitment to surpass customer expectations through continuous innovation. To fortify this prom ise, through brand positioning, Kia incorporated six attributes into its intersections dynamic styling, responsive engineering, well-equipped vehicles, versatility, safety and reliability, and top-tier product and service fiber. Integrating the six attributes added to the brands see of quality. Even if a consumer had never experienced the handling of any Kia product, the brand construe conveys quality quality backed by market surveys, reports, market positioning, target advertising, pricing, and other facts that represent a brand image of quality to the world. Corporate branding strategies can add significant value in terms of service of process the entire corporation to convert awareness into brand consideration in the consumer purchase process.The overly gross(a) automobile market in chinaware and Korea is problematic in that the number of cars being manufactured doesnt allow consumers to focus on the brand message. This is evident of the lackluster sales of the NF YU Xiang of Hyundai and Tianlime of KIA Motors. Both President Noh and leeward crafted a branding strategy for each of their brands to boost sales. Analyzing the data provided, branding modifications could have been made in a few areas.Initially, the case suggests that in that respect were too many cars being made in China and not enough focus on consumer needs by connect it to BrandAwareness. Chinese consumers were tender to price and fuel efficiency, which affected brand choice. Automobiles were also viewed as a young persons desire for a lifestyle change rather than the need for convenient transportation. So consumers preferences were base on emotional and intangible attributes such as style/outlook, and brand image. Improvements could have been made with its brand logo through brand revitalization to revolutionize the brand in order to regain equity. investigate has indicated that Asian consumers prefer a brands foreign names to its American name. The companies should have schematic the same concept with the two declining brands instead of retaining the local brand name or expanded the brand awareness by using the local brand as one of the vehicles in the taxi witness that did so well, instead of the ball-shapedly recognized brand-Sonata.The luxury sedan Equus will be launched in China in the E segment by BHMC. President Noh must focus on global customer-based brand equity and global brand positioning for this next line of cars. To establish a global customer-based brand equity, President Noah must create brand salience to distinctively differentiate marketing concepts for each market it will introduce the vehicle in. Brand image can be tricky in a global market because of existing competition, so they must analyze the competitors in each market and focus on meeting a diverse group. The consumers response to the brand must wind up positive judgment, consumers must find the vehicle of good quality, and it should be worthy of consideration and superior to sim ilar cars lines. Finally, the company must cultivate resonance for the consumers they must have enough opportunities and incentives to purchase and own this vehicle. market for the product and a prototype must be in the market place long ahead full production is underway.To establish global brand positioning, each market must be rewrite by defining the core brand association, identifying point-of-parity, points-of-difference and crafting a brand mantra for the Equus (Keller, 2012, p. 492). To establish standards and customize this product against the competition and for it to do well in the marketplace, President Noh must focus on product strategy-consumer behaviors dialogue strategy advertising distribution strategy-retailers and types of channels and pricing strategy-value for the consumer. Marketers are blending global objectives with local concerns, there must be sufficient levels of brand awareness andstrong, favorable and unique brand associations in the market the brand i s sold to provide and build brand equity (Keller, 2012, p. 511)